US647608A - Process of photosculpture. - Google Patents

Description

No. 647,608. Patented Apr. l7, I900. B. PIETZNER.

PROCESS OF PHOTOSGULPTURE.

(Application filed Dec. 19, 1899) No Model.)

.two measurements only.

iliri'rnp Stains FFICE.

PROCESS OF PHOTOSCU LPTU PIE.

SIPEGIFIGA'IION forming part of Letters Patent No. 647,608, dated April 17,

Application filed Dacemliorli), 1899. Serial No. 740,881.

licit known that 1', CA RL Pm'rzusu, a subject of the Emperor of AustriaIlungaiy, rcsiding at Vienna, Austria-Hungary, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Processes for the Plastic Imitation of Natural Objects by Means of Photography,ol' wh ich the following is a specification.

My invention has relation to a method or process wherebyplastic imitations or reproductions of natural objects may be seen red through the instrumentality of photography, and in such connection it relates more pan ticularly to the steps or operations constituti mg the process.

.licretofore it was known that roprod notions of natura'eobjccts could be secured by transl'crring the outlines of the object to the re production by suitable mechanism of a pantographic nature and in which certain points were found and reproduced one by one. This method of reproduction has the advantage that special skill is not necessary in the production provided asu llicicnt nu mberof points or dots are selected and set oil. in the rcproduction. This method of reproducing upon plain surl'accs is simple, inasmuch as the position of each point or dot can be fixed from When, however, it is sought to adapt this method or system to the reproduction of objects in relief, it is found thatthrcc measurements must be taken and transferred to ascertain each point or dot. As a consequence, in'the reproductions of objects in relief this pantographic method is not onlyslowand tedious to the artist, but it is fatiguing to the human sitter, who must attend during repeated and prolonged sittings. The process is also inaccurate, bccause it is practically impossible to place the sitter or other object in exactly the same position at successive sittings. the inconveniences of the pantographic method it has been suggested that rccourse be had to photography in order that a series 01" photographs of the object may be produced to form records from which by means 0fcompasses, pantographs, or other s'uitablc mechanism the reproduction may be made onthe same or on either enlarged or reduced scales. it has also been suggested that the record of the article be photographed upon he maout with that accuracy As a result of.

(No specimens.

tcrial from which the reproduction is to be made. But both of these photographic pr0cesses, it has been found, cannot be carried or exactitude which is necessary, and they also either deprive the artist of his individuality or else give him very little and inferior assistance.

The principal object o! my invention is to provide a process or method whereby the plastic reproduction or imitation of objects and living beings may be obtained through the instrnmentaiity of photography; and to this end my invention consists, primarily, in first photographing the model and at the same time photographing the scales of measurements, so as to produce said scales of measurements at an angle of ninety degrees upon the photographs of the model; second, in (iividing thcphotographs ol the model bymeans of parallel lines extending from the divisions on said scales, and, finally, reproducing the model by reproduction of the points ascertained by the ordinates, said measurements beingtransferred to the model by means of equivalent i-ncasuroments on a frame similarly located with respect to the model, as are the scales of measurements with respect to the photographic reproduction; secondaril y, in first jillOt0gl't'lplllllg graduated measurementdiars placed in relation to the object or body to be reproduced; second, completing said photographs by forming thereon a network of lines passing through the photographic reproductions of said graduated measurement-hars to thereby ascertain the relative distances of any point from the fixed data-lines represented by said bars, and, finally, setting 011' said distances on the model or plastic reproductionblank by means of measurements from equivalent bars eqniva- .lently placed with regard to said model or blank, and, lastly, in first taking photographs of the object or body and of graduated measurement-bars placed two in the form of a cross below the objectand two parallelthereto in the form of a 0nd, completing said photographs by forming thereon a photographic reproduction of a network of "lines passing through the phot0- graphic reproductions of the graduated measu roment-bars to thereby ascertain the rolati vo distance of any point from the fixed datacross above the object; see I lines represented by said bars, and, finally, setting olt said distances on the modeler plastic reproduction-blank by means of measurements from equivalent bars equivalently placed with regard to said model or blank.

The nature and scope of my invention will be more fully understood from the following description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, forming part hereof,

I0 in which- I Figure l is a top orx plan view illustrating in diagram the arrangement of the necessaryparts and apparatus for successfully carrying out the process of my invention. Fig. 2 is a view, partly in rear elevation and partly in plan, illustrating in diagram the first step in the process, the portions in rear elevation illustrating the photographic reproduction of the object and the graduated measurementbars and the portion in plan illustrating the position of the object and of the photographic instrument for taking the reproduction. Fig.

' 3 is a view similar to Fig. 2, illustrating the means whereby the measurements in Fig. 2

z 5 are transferred to the model or plastic reproduction-blank. Fig. 4 is a front elevational view of the network slide to be inserted in the camera. Fig. 5 is afront elevational view of one. of the photographic reproductions of 3c the object and of the n'etwork. Figs. 6, 7, and 8 are similar views of other photographic reproductions, the meshes of the network beingmore widely separated or spaced, and

. Fig.9 is a perspective view illustrating in perspective a modified form of the apparatus in which the object may be photographed in four positions simultaneously.

. Referring to the drawings, 0 represents the object to be reproduced, which is placed on 40 a turn-table arranged within a square a I: c ,(l and having its center at the point where the diagonals a e and b (1 cross.. The square is surrounded by a ring or circular wall. The cameras e', f, g, and It for taking the photo'- graphs are arranged at points equidistant from the center of the object on prolongations of the diagonals a c and Z) (l, as indicated in Fig. 1, and at a height approximately level with the middle of the height of the object. \Vhen the photographs are taken singly or the two opposite photographs are taken at v the sametime by cameras e and g,-a vertical bar is placed on the right'and another on the left of the object at I; andd, Fig. 1, these 5 5- bars being connec ted at the -top by a crosspicce t' 75, Figs. 2 and 3. lVhen the photographs are taken, Figs. 5, 6, 7, and 8,-these bars will be reproduced in each of the photosome of the photographs.

Fig. 9

'showujupon the cross-bars,"

parts.

and it is therefore advisable to be provided with several bars of different heights. They should be also arranged to be adjustable in height. If, however, all the four photographs are to be taken at the same time, the vertical bars aforesaid cover a part of the object in 7 Therefore instead of using such bars bars in the form of a cross are securely fastened above the object and corresponding'in situation with the diagonal cross-bars below the object, which latter are also provided with graduated measurements which will be reproduced in the photographs,

When the 'photog are made in the desired sirle in the usual manner; but whereas in the. already known processes such photographs have no means in themselves of givingzero-poijnts from which measurements may be taken the copies made by the present process are provided with such means which is afforded by the reproduction of the bars or their measurements]; As aforesaid, the photographs maype covered with suitable cross-lines by joining the points of the measurements as re'prqtlucedthercin in any suitable manner. If all the four photographs are taken at the same/time and there are no yertical' divisions ohlhe'pic'tute, the

latter are set out according; to the divisions {this reproduction of network of lines is essential. and can be effected by photography, vitdesiredpbeing done by photographing the-(network of lines made in suitable proportions or by using be sides, as aforesaid, cross-bars also a network of lines with divisions in the form of a screen, Fig. 4, in the dark slide of the camera. The photograph is best made to somqexactscaleas, for instance, in the proportions. of one to 'iive-as this facilitates the calculation. If

at any spot the graduated measurements should be covered in the pietu re by some portion of the model, they can easily be completed by reference to the next corresponding divisions which are visible, in the picture. For reproducing the object clay, gypsum, or any other suitable material in the form of a block, Fig. 3,.which is somewhat larger in each direction than the model to be reproduced, is put in the middle of the turn-table, where the original formerly Stood. Then a se 0nd cross-bar frame, with measurement di sions, is put above the rough block, so as to divide the model in plan into four equal This frame exactly corresponds with the original frame; but in regard to its size and the dimensions of its divisions of measurement it is either equal or larger or smaller,

raphs are taken, prints the aforesaid method of finding the different points corresponding in the model to the various points in the outlines of the photographs, superfluous material of the block being removed, so that the outlines of the corresponding photographs appear as the outlines of the block. Such outlines beingin two planes perpendicular to one another, for the formation of the block between these planes the required points of the model are ascertained from the pictures provided with the network divisions, and the ordinants thus obtained are transferred by the known process of dotting or pointing to the model from two or three sides, respectively, superfluous material being removed in any suitable manner-for example, by use of knives, gravers, routing-out machines, and the like. The ordinates are easily taken from the pictures, since they may be directlyread, and are indicated on the divisions of the frame both for height,breadth, and depth, so that they correspond exactly with that of the natural object. After the situation of the more prominent points has been thus fixed the-model can be finished by rounding oil the material between the points so found.

If in certain situations a point should not be visible from both sides, secondary photographs oan be taken at suitable angles, and in working out ordinates to find the position of the relative points on the model the angle at which the photograph is taken must be taken into account.

It facilitates the work to make the first reproduction of the original of the photographs, together with their graduated measurements thereon, in the size in which imitation is to be made. It is then more easy to correct the outline by cutting out the contours in the two other directions. Such means can also be used for more speedily arriving-at the formation ofthe exterior outlines.

Having thus described the nature and ob jects of my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by-Letters Patent, is-

1. An improved process for the plastic imi-. tation or reproduction of objects and living beings on any desired scale of enlargement or reduction, consisting in first taking photographs of the model to be reproduced and photographs at the same time of the scales of measurement which will be reproduced at an angle of ninety degrees upon such photolarly located with regard to the model.

2. A process for plastic reproduction of ob-v jects and living bodies by means of photography, consisting first in taking photographs of graduated measurement-bars placed in relation to said object or body and completing I said photographs, then forming thereon a network of lines passing through the photographic reproductions of the graduated measurementbars for ascertaining the relative distances of any point from the fixed datalines represented by said bars and finally setting off said distances on the model or plastic reproduction-blanks by means of measurements from equivalent bars equivalently placed with regard to said model or plastic reproduction-blank.

3. A process for plastic reproduction of ob jects and living bodies by means of photography, consisting first in taking photographs of said object or body and 01 graduated measurement-bars placed two in the form of a cross below the object and two parallel thereto in across above the object or body, then completing said photographs by forming thereon a network of lines passing through the photographic reproductions of the grad uated measurement-bars for ascertaining the relative distance of any point from the fixed data-lines represeu ted by said bars,and finally setting off said distances on the model or reproduccd blank by means of measurements from equivalent harp eqnivalcntlyplaced with regard to the plastic reproductiomblank.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of two subscribing witnesses.

CARL PIETZNICR.

W itnesses:

ALVESTO S. Ilounn, AUuUs'r Fur-unit.

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